Yazilikaya: The Mysterious Open-Air Temple of the Hittites

Introduction
Located approximately 2 kilometers from the center of Corum and northeast of the Hittite capital Hattusa, Yazilikaya is one of the world’s oldest and most significant open-air temples. Adorned with thousands of years old reliefs carved into natural rocks, Yazilikaya offers valuable insights into the Hittites’ beliefs, art, and architecture. This article will provide detailed information about the history, structure, significance, and current state of Yazilikaya.

History
Yazilikaya was constructed in the 13th century BCE, during the peak of the Hittite Empire. Dedicated to the Hittites’ chief god, Teshub, this temple served as a sacred site for religious ceremonies and sacrifices. Yazilikaya was discovered in the 19th century by the French traveler Charles Texier and has since been studied by numerous archaeologists.

Structure
Yazilikaya consists of two main sections:

Sphinx Passage: This is the entrance to the temple, lined with sphinxes, mythological creatures with the body of a lion and the head of a human. The sphinxes guarded the sacred area and welcomed visitors.

Great Hall: The main part of the temple, the Great Hall, is adorned with reliefs carved into the rock. These reliefs depict Hittite gods, the king and queen, and scenes from Hittite mythology and daily life. The reliefs provide valuable clues about Hittite beliefs and customs.

Significance
Yazilikaya holds immense significance for world cultural heritage:

Hittite Civilization: Yazilikaya offers invaluable insights into the art, religion, and social structure of the Hittite civilization.
Ancient World: As a testament to the powerful Hittite Empire, Yazilikaya is one of the most important religious centers of the ancient world.
World Heritage: Recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1986, Yazilikaya is a shared heritage of humanity.

Visiting Sites and Current Condition
Yazilikaya is now open to visitors and can be explored with a guide. Some key points for visitors include:

Sphinx Passage: Admire the impressive architecture of the sphinx-lined entrance.
Great Hall: Study the detailed reliefs and learn about Hittite mythology.
Hattusa Ancient City: After visiting Yazilikaya, explore the ancient Hittite capital Hattusa.
Çorum Museum: A portion of the artifacts found at Yazilikaya is on display at the Corum Museum.

Yazilikaya is currently protected and undergoes regular restoration. However, due to natural conditions and human impact, some damage has occurred. Visitors are urged to protect the site and avoid causing any harm.

Conclusion
Yazilikaya is a gateway to the mysterious world of the Hittites. With its thousands-year-old history and enigmatic atmosphere, Yazilikaya offers a captivating experience for visitors. Exploring this ancient temple is a wonderful opportunity to learn about Anatolia’s rich history and culture.